Correlations Between COVID-19 Pneumonia and Long-Term Lung Injuries

Abstract

This study investigates the correlation between COVID-19 pneumonia and long-term lung injuries through clinical, radiological, and biomarker analyses. Conducted prospectively at Azerbaijan Medical University, the study evaluated 210 patients from 2021 to 2023. Biomarkers such as KL-6, CRP, D-dimer, and ferritin were analyzed alongside clinical and spirometric parameters. Results revealed persistent lung injuries in 32% of cases, with fibrosis identified as a major contributor to functional decline. Elevated KL-6 and D-dimer levels were strongly associated with lung damage and inflammatory processes, suggesting their utility as biomarkers for monitoring post-COVID-19 complications. Radiological examinations and spirometry indicated significant decreases in lung function, including FEV1 and FVC levels. The study underscores the importance of long-term follow-up and individualized treatment strategies to mitigate the lasting effects of COVID-19 on lung health, highlighting the necessity for further research to optimize recovery and improve patients' quality of life.